Harley-Davidson,
Inc. (H-D), or Harley, is an American motorbike producer, based in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin in 1903.
As one in every of two principal American motorcycle manufacturers to live on the excellent depression (along side Indian), the business enterprise has survived severa possession preparations, subsidiary preparations , durations of bad economic fitness and product first-rate, in addition to excessive international competition — to grow to be the sector's fifth biggest bike manufacturer and an iconic logo well known for its loyal following — with proprietor clubs and occasions global in addition to a enterprise backed emblem-targeted museum.
Referred to for a fashion of customization that gave upward thrust to the chopper motorcycle style, Harley-Davidson historically advertised heavyweight, air-cooled cruiser motorcycles with engine displacements extra than seven-hundred cc — and has broadened its offerings to include its more modern VRSC (2001) and middle-weight avenue (2014) systems.
Harley-Davidson manufactures its motorcycles at factories in York, Pennsylvania; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Kansas city, Missouri; Manaus, Brazil; and Bawal, India — and markets its products international.
Main article: Harley-Davidson engine timeline
The classic Harley-Davidson engines are V-dual engines, with a forty five° perspective between the cylinders. The crankshaft has a unmarried pin, and each pistons are connected to this pin through their connecting rods.
This forty five° perspective is included beneath several u.S. Patents and is an engineering tradeoff that permits a big, excessive-torque engine in a exceedingly small space. It reasons the cylinders to hearth at uneven durations and produces the choppy "potato-potato" sound so strongly connected to the Harley-Davidson emblem.
To simplify the engine and reduce costs, the V-twin ignition become designed to function with a single set of points and no distributor. This is referred to as a dual fire ignition gadget, inflicting each spark plugs to fireplace no matter which cylinder changed into on its compression stroke, with the opposite spark plug firing on its cylinder's exhaust stroke, efficiently "losing a spark". The exhaust notice is essentially a throaty growling sound with a few popping. The forty five° design of the engine hence creates a plug firing sequencing as such: the primary cylinder fires, the second one (rear) cylinder fires 315° later, then there is a 405° hole till the primary cylinder fires again, giving the engine its particular sound.
Harley-Davidson has used numerous ignition systems throughout its records – be it the early points and condenser machine, (large dual up to 1978 and Sportsters up to 1978), magneto ignition machine used on some 1958 to 1969 Sportsters, early electronic with centrifugal mechanical strengthen weights, , or the overdue digital with transistorized ignition manage module, greater familiarly known as the black box or the brain.
Beginning in 1995, the employer introduced electronic fuel Injection (EFI) as an choice for the thirtieth anniversary version Electra flow. EFI became wellknown on all Harley-Davidson motorcycles, together with Sportsters, upon the introduction of the 2007 product line.
In 1991, Harley-Davidson commenced to participate in the Sound first-rate working group, founded by Orfield Labs, Bruel and Kjaer, TEAC, Yamaha, Sennheiser, SMS and Cortex. This become the kingdom's first organization to proportion studies on psychological acoustics. Later that yr, Harley-Davidson participated in a sequence of sound excellent studies at Orfield Labs, primarily based on recordings taken on the Talladega Superspeedway, with the goal to decrease the sound stage for ecu standards whilst analytically shooting the "Harley Sound". This research resulted within the motorcycles that have been introduced in compliance with ecu requirements for 1998.
On February 1, 1994, the agency filed a sound trademark utility for the one of a kind sound of the Harley-Davidson motorcycle engine: "The mark includes the exhaust sound of applicant's motorcycles, produced by V-twin, common crankpin motorcycle engines whilst the goods are in use". 9 of Harley-Davidson's competitors filed feedback opposing the application, arguing that cruiser-style bikes of diverse brands use a unmarried-crankpin V-dual engine which produce a similar sound. These objections had been observed by litigation. In June 2000, the corporation dropped efforts to federally register its trademark
As one in every of two principal American motorcycle manufacturers to live on the excellent depression (along side Indian), the business enterprise has survived severa possession preparations, subsidiary preparations , durations of bad economic fitness and product first-rate, in addition to excessive international competition — to grow to be the sector's fifth biggest bike manufacturer and an iconic logo well known for its loyal following — with proprietor clubs and occasions global in addition to a enterprise backed emblem-targeted museum.
Referred to for a fashion of customization that gave upward thrust to the chopper motorcycle style, Harley-Davidson historically advertised heavyweight, air-cooled cruiser motorcycles with engine displacements extra than seven-hundred cc — and has broadened its offerings to include its more modern VRSC (2001) and middle-weight avenue (2014) systems.
Harley-Davidson manufactures its motorcycles at factories in York, Pennsylvania; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Kansas city, Missouri; Manaus, Brazil; and Bawal, India — and markets its products international.
Main article: Harley-Davidson engine timeline
The classic Harley-Davidson engines are V-dual engines, with a forty five° perspective between the cylinders. The crankshaft has a unmarried pin, and each pistons are connected to this pin through their connecting rods.
This forty five° perspective is included beneath several u.S. Patents and is an engineering tradeoff that permits a big, excessive-torque engine in a exceedingly small space. It reasons the cylinders to hearth at uneven durations and produces the choppy "potato-potato" sound so strongly connected to the Harley-Davidson emblem.
To simplify the engine and reduce costs, the V-twin ignition become designed to function with a single set of points and no distributor. This is referred to as a dual fire ignition gadget, inflicting each spark plugs to fireplace no matter which cylinder changed into on its compression stroke, with the opposite spark plug firing on its cylinder's exhaust stroke, efficiently "losing a spark". The exhaust notice is essentially a throaty growling sound with a few popping. The forty five° design of the engine hence creates a plug firing sequencing as such: the primary cylinder fires, the second one (rear) cylinder fires 315° later, then there is a 405° hole till the primary cylinder fires again, giving the engine its particular sound.
Harley-Davidson has used numerous ignition systems throughout its records – be it the early points and condenser machine, (large dual up to 1978 and Sportsters up to 1978), magneto ignition machine used on some 1958 to 1969 Sportsters, early electronic with centrifugal mechanical strengthen weights, , or the overdue digital with transistorized ignition manage module, greater familiarly known as the black box or the brain.
Beginning in 1995, the employer introduced electronic fuel Injection (EFI) as an choice for the thirtieth anniversary version Electra flow. EFI became wellknown on all Harley-Davidson motorcycles, together with Sportsters, upon the introduction of the 2007 product line.
In 1991, Harley-Davidson commenced to participate in the Sound first-rate working group, founded by Orfield Labs, Bruel and Kjaer, TEAC, Yamaha, Sennheiser, SMS and Cortex. This become the kingdom's first organization to proportion studies on psychological acoustics. Later that yr, Harley-Davidson participated in a sequence of sound excellent studies at Orfield Labs, primarily based on recordings taken on the Talladega Superspeedway, with the goal to decrease the sound stage for ecu standards whilst analytically shooting the "Harley Sound". This research resulted within the motorcycles that have been introduced in compliance with ecu requirements for 1998.
On February 1, 1994, the agency filed a sound trademark utility for the one of a kind sound of the Harley-Davidson motorcycle engine: "The mark includes the exhaust sound of applicant's motorcycles, produced by V-twin, common crankpin motorcycle engines whilst the goods are in use". 9 of Harley-Davidson's competitors filed feedback opposing the application, arguing that cruiser-style bikes of diverse brands use a unmarried-crankpin V-dual engine which produce a similar sound. These objections had been observed by litigation. In June 2000, the corporation dropped efforts to federally register its trademark
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